Shamhat

Shamhat

Shamhat, Šamhat o Shamjat es el nombre del personaje que aparece en la Tablillas I, II y VII del Poema de Gilgamesh. Posee el título de "harimtu" o devota del culto a la diosa Ishtar, cuya raíz proviene del verbo "harāmu" (cubrir), por dedicar una vida de reclusión dentro de las paredes del templo.

Shamhat desempeña un papel primordial en la Tablilla I, ya que es la encargada de domar a Enkidu, creado por los dioses como rival del poderoso Gilgamesh. Los textos le otorgan el "kuzbu" o atractivo sexual, que usa para tentar a Enkidu y sacarlo de su estado salvaje, civilizándolo a través de las relaciones sexuales continuadas. Por desgracia para Enkidu, después de disfrutar a Shamhat durante "seis días y siete noches", sus antiguos compañeros, los animales salvajes, le rehúyen aterrados al congregarse en el pozo donde solían beber. Shamhat le convence de que le siga y se una al mundo civilizado en la ciudad de Uruk, donde reina Gilgamesh, de modo que rechace su antigua vida salvaje que compartía con los animales en las colinas. A partir de este momento, Gilgamesh y Enkidu se convierten en grandes amigos (y tan grandes) y viven numerosas aventuras, comenzando por el Bosque de Cedros y su encuentro con Humbaba.

La palabra que da nombre a este personaje, Shamhat, es la forma femenina del adjetivo acadio "šamhu", que proviene del verbo "šamāhu", cuya traducción podría ser "ser magnífico". Por lo tanto, su nombre se traduciría como "la magnífica".


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