Superfórmula

Superfórmula
Algunos ejemplos de superfórmula samples: Son mostradas en la imagen a=b=1; m, n1, n2 y n3

La superfórmula es una generalización en coordenadas polares de la superelipse, propuesta por Johan Gielis.

Gielis supuso que la fórmula puede ser usada para describir distintas curvas y cuerpos presentes en la Naturaleza.

La fórmula es:


   r \left( \varphi \right) =
   \left[
      \left|
         \frac{cos\left(\frac{m \;  \varphi }{4}\right)}{a}
      \right| ^{n_{2}}
      +
      \left|
         \frac{sin\left(\frac{m \; \varphi}{4}\right)}{b}
      \right| ^{n_{3}}
   \right] ^{-\frac{1}{n_{1}}}

donde  r \; es el radio y  \varphi el ángulo.

La fórmula apareció en abril de 2003, en el número 90 de la revista American Journal of Botany, en un artículo del biólogo Johan Gielis. Fue obtenida generalizando la superelipse, creada por el matemático danés Piet Hein.

Extensión a dimensiones superiores

Es posible ampliar esta fórmula a n dimensiones, multiplicando las superfórmulas entre sí. Por ejemplo, la superficie paramétrica de tres dimensiones se puede obtener multiplicando dos de ellas:

 x \,=\, r_1(\theta)\cos(\theta)r_2(\phi)\cos(\phi)
 y \,=\, r_1(\theta)\sin(\theta)r_2(\phi)\cos(\phi)
 z \,=\, r_2(\phi)\sin(\phi)

donde φ varía entre -π/2 y π/2 (latitud), y θ entre -π y π (longitud).

Enlaces externos


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