The powers that be

The powers that be

The powers that be es un tópico cultural anglosajón (como tal intraducible y citado literalmente -por ejemplo, no debe usarse en singular "the power that be", al ser un plurale tantum-) con el que se designa al gobierno, al poder o a la autoridad establecida; además de poder extenderse, según la intención del hablante, a los poderes fácticos o a los poderes ocultos propios de las teorías de la conspiración. Suele ser utilizado tal cual o en forma de siglas ("TPTB" o "PTB" -powers that be, sin el artículo-). Un uso similar es el del concepto establishment.[1]

La expresión proviene de un pasaje de la Biblia, en la versión King James, que apareció publicado en inglés por primera vez en la traducción de William Tyndale de 1526: "Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: The powers that be are ordained of God" (Romanos 13:1).[2] En traducción castellana este versículo es: Todos deben someterse a las autoridades constituidas, porque no hay autoridad que no provenga de Dios y las que existen han sido establecidas por él."[3]

Se utilizó para el título de un libro de David Halberstam (1979)[4] que habla del surgimiento de los medios de comunicación de masas como instrumento del poder para el control y manipulación de la población.

También dio título a otros libros y a comics, canciones y numerosos episodios de series de televisión, entre ellos uno de la novena serie de Stargate SG-1 y otro de Buffy cazavampiros, así como a personajes de ficción, como los que aparecen en las series de televisión Charmed (Embrujadas) y Angel (serie de televisión).[5]

Notas

  1. ↑
    • Fairlie, Henry, "Political Commentary," The Spectator, 23 September 1955.
    • Fairlie, Henry. "Evolution of a Term," The New Yorker, 19 October 1968.
    • Norbert Elias, The Established and the Outsiders (1965), and Scientific Establishments and Hierarchies (ed. with others) (1982).
    • Alan Barcan, Sociological theory and educational reality (1993) p. 150
    • Campbell, Fergus. The Irish Establishment 1879-1914" (2009)
    • Dogan, Mattéi, Elite configurations at the apex of power (2003)
    • Judis, John B. The paradox of American democracy: elites, special interests, and the betrayal of public trust (2001)
    Fuentes citadas en en:The Establishment de la Wikipedia en inglés.
  2. ↑ biblestudytools.com
  3. ↑ Web oficial del Vaticano.
  4. ↑ University of Illinois Press, 2000, pp. 771.
  5. ↑ Véanse ejemplos en en:The powers that be de la Wikipedia en inglés.

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