- Micronaciones
-
Anexo:Micronaciones
El Principado de Sealand fue descrito como la micronación más conocida del mundo.[1]
Las micronaciones, llamadas también como modelos de país y proyectos de nuevos países, son pequeñas entidades autroproclamadas como estados soberanos independientes, pero que no están reconocidos como tales por algún estado soberano reconocido, o por alguna organización supranacional. No deben confundirse con los microestados, que son pequeños estados independientes reconocidos, ni con los estados no reconocidos, que sus reclamaciones para obtener su propia soberanía son indiscutiblemente reales.[2]
Las motivaciones para la creación de las micronaciones incluyen la experimentación, protesta políica, expresión artística, entretenimiento personal y actividades delictivas.[3] Las micronaciones pueden existir en varias formas, tales como el mundo real, internet, en la mente de sus creadores o alguna combinación de estas. Algunas micronaciones han logrado extender sus operaciones en el mundo físico mediante la emisión de monedas, banderas, sellos, pasaportes, medallas, y otros artículos.
Contenido
Lista de micronaciones
Título oficial Bandera Fundación Descripción Imperio de Aerica 
1987 An eccentric tongue-in-cheek micronation founded by Canadian Eric Lis as a child, and maintained for the several decades since. It claims various terrestrial and interplanetary territories as Aerican land.[4] Aeterna Lucina 1978 An Australian micronation founded by a self-proclaimed baron, who claimed properties he owned in New South Wales as its territory. Several associated businessmen were charged in 1990 with land and visa fraud.[5] Akhzivland 1952 A micronation located in Israel and founded by a hippie and former sailor named Eli Avivi. It consists of a coastal enclave, formerly part of the Arab village of Akhzib, whose 10,000 residents were expelled during the 1948 war.[6] [7] Aramoana 1980 A small New Zealand community that declared itself independent to protest the building of an aluminium smelter on nearby land. Atlantium 
1981 A global sovereignty group based in Australia that was founded in Sydney by George Francis Cruickshank.[8] Avram 1980s A non-territorial micronation founded by an eccentric self-proclaimed "duke" who was later elected to the Tasmanian state parliament.[9] BjornSocialist Republic 2005 A self-proclaimed Marxist state, based also on the religious but atheist Bjorn principles, of about 6 sqyd located on a stone "that looks like a tractor" in Lake Immeln, Scania, Sweden. It is recognised by Ladonia.[10] [11] [12] [13] British West Florida 
2005 A micronation intending to revive the former British colony of the same name.[14] Celestia 1949 A defunct micronation claiming all of outer space. Conch Republic 1982 A group claiming tongue-in-cheek independence from the US in protest at a blockade established by the US Border Patrol at the upper end of the Florida Keys.[15] Dubeldeka 2000 The Principality of Dubeldeka was established on the site of Braemar Lodge near Mittagong/Bowral, NSW, Australia by Dr. Vasudeo and Doreen Khandekar, over a dispute with the local council regarding the laying of sewage lines.[16] Imperio de Copeman 2003 The Copeman Empire is run from a caravan park in Norfolk, England, by its founder Nick Copeman, who changed his name by deed poll to HM King Nicholas I.[17] Coral Sea Islands 
2004 Established as a symbolic political protest by a group of gay rights activists, the Coral Sea Islands is a micronation based in southeast Queensland, Australia.[18] Elleore 
1944 A tongue-in-cheek micronation founded by a group of school teachers as a summer camp on the island of Elleore, Denmark.[19] EnenKio 
1994 Claims Wake Atoll in the Marshall Islands, and has been deemed a scam for selling passports and diplomatic papers.[20] Forvik 2008 An islet in Shetland, Scotland, declared an independent Crown dependency by Stuart Hill, who claims that the United Kingdom has breached the 1469 deal with Denmark, which transferred the Shetland Islands to the Scottish crown.[21] Frestonia 1977 Freston Road in West London staged a "secession" from the United Kingdom as Frestonia. In a legal dispute regarding the unauthorised performance of his play The Immortalist, Heathcote Williams won a ruling from the UK courts that Frestonia was for this purpose not part of the UK.[22] Hajdučka Republika Mijata Tomića 2002 A protest project (based on Vran mountain, in Blidinje Nature Park, Bosnia and Herzegovina) started by a local because of inefficiency of problems with the local electricity supply.[23] Hay-on-Wye 1977 A town in Wales which was declared independent by bibliophile Richard Booth as a publicity stunt. Booth's success in promoting Hay as a "town of books" was recognised with the award of an MBE in the 2004 Queen's New Year Honours.[24] Reino de la Humanidad 
1878 A former micronation, occupying the Spratly Islands, which merged into the Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads in September 1963.[25] Hutt River 1970 A large farm in Western Australia that unilaterally seceded from the Commonwealth and declared itself to be a sovereign nation. It was known as the Hutt River Province until 2007.[26] Kugelmugel 1984 A ball-shaped house built by artist Edwin Lipburger, currently located in the Vienna Prater.[27] Ladonia 
1980 A micronation created by Swedish artist Lars Vilks as the home to sculptures created by him in the Kullaberg nature reserve in north-west Skåne.[28] Lagoan Isles 2005 The creation of a self-styled Grand Duke Louis, who claims that three tiny islands in a Portsmouth pond are not owned by the local council, and so has declared them an independent state.[29] L'Anse-Saint-Jean 1997 A micronation started to promote tourism in a small Quebec town. Llanrwst 1276 A town in North Wales declared a "free borough" by a Welsh prince which unsuccessfully applied to the United Nations in 1947. Lizbekistan Unknown A popular Internet-based project created by Australian artist Liz Stirling.[30] Lovely 2004 An Internet-based micronation founded by Danny Wallace as part of the BBC TV series How to Start Your Own Country, claiming the flat of its creator as sovereign territory.[31] Lundy 1925 An island off the west coast of England, which historically (1100–1200s AD) had semi-independent status or claimed independence from England under various warlords. Between 1925 and 1931 its owner declared himself King and minted coins but did not declare formal independence. Marlborough 1993 A short lived micronation in Australia whose creator declared his farm an independent country to try to avoid eviction after bankruptcy. He was evicted less than a week later by police, was later prosecuted and has since abandoned any claim of independence.[32] Melchizdek 1986 The Dominion of Melchizedek (DoM) is a micronation known largely for facilitating large scale banking fraud in many parts of the world.[33] Minerva 1973 An attempt to build an artificial island and form a new libertarian country. The new land was located on Minerva Reef, south of Fiji, but the island was seized and annexed by Tonga shortly afterwards.[34] Molossia 
1977 A micronation founded by Kevin Baugh, occupying his semi-rural residential acreage in Nevada. It is run semi-humorously as a dictatorial banana-republic.[35] Morac-Songhrati-Meads 1959 A present day micronation, claimed to occupy the Spratly Islands. The territory is currently under de facto military control by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam, since the discovery of oil in 1968.[25] Neue Slowenische Kunst 1984 A nation created by a number of Slovene artists.[36] New Utopia 1990s A proposed micronation based on libertarian principles to be built on platforms in the Caribbean Sea. It was founded by American entrepreneur Lazarus Long. The project's current status is questionable.[37] Northern Forest Archipelago 1998 An environmentally-focused micronation located in the northeastern US consisting of multiple discontiguous privately-owned properties in the Northern Forest area of New York State.[38] Nova Roma 1998 An international organisation of Roman revivalists who claim to be a modern Roman nation and have the administrative structure of the ancient Roman Republic. Nova Roma explicitly states that they aren't a micronation but a "civitas" or "res publica"; their organisation, however, fits all the requirements for being classified as such.[39] Nutopia 1973 Nutopia was an imaginary country founded by John Lennon and Yoko Ono inspired by their song Imagine. Other World Kingdom 1996 An absolute monarchy/matriarchy with strong BDSM themes, in which women rule over all men. It is located in the Czech Republic. Peaceland 2008 Peaceland is located in Czech Republic in Brdy Mt. military zone and is controlled by Greenpeace.[40] Peščenica 1990s Peščenica is a satirical-parodical project of a dictator-ruled republic by famous Croatian maverick traveller Željko Malnar. It is located in Zagreb, Croatia.[41] Rainbow Creek 1979 Founded by a farmer who "seceded" from Victoria over damage to farmlands caused by flooding he claimed was exacerbated due to incompetence of the state government water management agency.[42] Redonda 
1865 A small uninhabited island in the Caribbean sea, now legally part of Antigua and Barbuda. In 1865, a citizen of Montserrat was supposedly permitted by Queen Victoria to claim the title of King of Redonda, as long as he did not incite any revolt against colonial authority.[43] Holy Empire of Reunion 1997 A Brazilian micronation, which claims more than 600 members all over the world, and which considers itself a potentially absolute monarchy, cited in many articles about micronationalism and organizer of the Micronations on the Media webpage, with more than 20 newspaper and magazine articles about their country and micronationalism itself. Rose Island 1968 An attempt to create a sovereign state on an offshore platform in international waters near the Italian city of Rimini. It was completed, but shortly afterwards seized by the Italian government and destroyed with explosives.[34] Saugeais 
1947 An officially-sanctioned tongue-in-cheek micronation located in eastern France, in the département of Doubs.[44] Sealand 
1967 A World War II military facility consisting of a man-made structure located off the English coast which was occupied and declared to be an independent state by Paddy Roy Bates.[45] Seborga 954 A town in the Italian region of Liguria that claims never to have been a part of the modern Italian state.[46] Sulu y Sabah 1823 Sulu and Sabah claim to be the legitimate successors of the historical Sultanate of Sulu, and rulers of the Sulu archipelago (in the Philippines) and Sabah (a state in Malaysia).[47] Sunda Unknown A micronation claiming to be the legitimate modern-day successor of the ancient Kingdom of Sunda. It is currently in exile in Switzerland.[48] [49] Talossa 
1979 A micronation founded as a bedroom kingdom by Milwaukee, Wisconsin resident Robert Ben Madison. Madison claims to have coined the term "micronation".[nb 1] [50] Valtio 
2006 50 sq yd of land in a forest located at Posio, Finland, founded by Ari Peltonen as a joke. Radio Helsinki and Helsingin Sanomat followed what happens in the state.[51] Vikesland 2005 A micronation located in Manitoba, Canadá that was founded for the purposes of a TV documentary about micronations. It claims two properties in and near the town of Brandon.[52] Wanstonia 1994 Wanstonia was created by protesters against the M11 motorway link road through Wanstead in north-east London.[53] Waveland 1997 A micronation sited on a rocky islet in the North Atlantic, known as Rockall. Greenpeace occupied Rockall, declaring it an independent nation, to protest oil drilling in the area.[54] Véase también
- Microestado
- País no reconocido
Enlaces externos
Notas
- ↑ Prior to Madison's departure in 2005 the group split into a separate "Kingdom of Talossa" and "Republic of Talossa".
Referencias
- Referencias generales
- Ryan, John; Dunford, George; Sellars, Simon (2006). Micronations. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1741047307.
- Referencias específicas
- ↑ «Journeys–the spirit of dicovery: Simon Sellars braves wind and waves to visit the unlikely North Sea nation of Sealand». The Australian. Consultado el 2007-11-10.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 5.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 4.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 102.
- ↑ Dean, Anabel. «"Bleyer's Honours Outlined"», The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 June, 1989, p. 7. Consultado el 2008-07-27.
- ↑ Eber, Shirley; Kevin O'Sullivan (1989). Israel and the Occupied Territories: The Rough Guide. London: Harrap-Columbus, pp. 305–6. ISBN 0-7471-0105-1.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 48–51.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 102.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 144.
- ↑ Sørdal, Kristin (6 March 2008). «Verdens rareste steder». Dinside. Consultado el 2008-06-07.
- ↑ Fordham, Alice. «"Stone me–you two aren't married"», Times Online. Consultado el 2008-06-07.
- ↑ «"Court denies couple marriage: 'your country does not exist'"», The Local, 10 December 2007. Consultado el 2008-06-07.
- ↑ . New Herald (June 2 2008). Consultado el 2008-06-07.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 139.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 130.
- ↑ Southern Highland News, 10/10/2001, "Lodge seccedes to form new country" http://bowral.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/lodge-secedes-to-form-new-country/270714.aspx
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 70–73.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 38.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 42.
- ↑ «Kingdom of EnenKio». Flags of the World. Consultado el 2008-09-13.
- ↑ Carrell, Severin (2008-06-19). «Captain Calamity leads breakaway of Shetland islet from UK». The Guardian. Consultado el 2008-06-20.
- ↑ «The Eddie Woods Archive». American Literary Studies. Stanford University Library (2007-08-06). Consultado el 2007-08-14.
- ↑ Plantilla:Sr icon «Hajduci na Vranu ljude samo po očima pamte». Nezavisne. Consultado el 2008-06-30.
- ↑ «Richard Booth», bbc.co.uk. Consultado el 2007-05-11.
- ↑ a b Marwyn S. Samuels, Contest for the South China Sea (1982)
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 22.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 82.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 136.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 86.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 129.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 28.
- ↑ «"Defiant Graziers Under Arrest"», Sydney Morning Herald, 14 June 1993. Consultado el 2008-09-13.
- ↑ «Fantasy Island», CBS News, CBS Worldwide Inc., 2000-04-10.
- ↑ a b Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 14.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 62.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 128–9.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 15.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 52.
- ↑ «Interactive Corporative Services Information on Nova Roma». Maine Department of the Secretary of State, Bureau of Corporations, Elections, and Commissions. Consultado el 2007-11-27.
- ↑ «Czech police attack Peaceland protest camp». Greenpeace UK. Consultado el 2008-09-13.
- ↑ Malnar, Željko. Filozofija Republike Peščenice. Birotisak. ISBN 953-6156-31-8.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 145.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 108.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 122–124.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 8–13.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 55.
- ↑ «Welcome to the Royal Hashemite Sultanate of Sulu & Sabah Official Website». Sulu and Sabah. Consultado el 2008-06-07.
- ↑ «DPP: Sunda princesses 'Prohibited Immigrants'», The Borneo Post Online, 6 December 2007. Consultado el 2008-06-07.
- ↑ Stephen, Then. «Sunda princesses freed», Thestar Online, 22 January 2008. Consultado el 2008-06-07.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 101.
- ↑ (en finlandés)«Mäkäräisten Valtio». Ruotuväki. Consultado el 2008-07-21.
- ↑ Ryan, John. Micronations, pp. 90–93.
- ↑ «Tenth anniversary of the siege of Wanstonia M11 link rd», UK Indymedia. Consultado el 2008-09-13.
- ↑ Royle, Stephen (2001). A Geography of Islands. Routledge, pp. 10. ISBN 1857288653.
Categoría: Micronaciones
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